Revision - Sovereignty and Partition

Policies	Cuman na Gaedheal 1922 – 1932 Taoiseach – W T Cosgrave	Fianna Fail 1932 – 1948 Taoiseach - Eamon DeValera
Economic	Economic crisis - Aftermath of War of Indep and Civil War Partition – southern Irish economy poor – high unemployment Dependence on UK re finance and trade Rural focus – low industrialisation Central Policy focus on Agriculture sector – free trade – low taxes – link Irish pound with sterling Patrick Hogan – standards of production, advisers, ACC set up to offer cheap loans, land commission, land Act Less focus on Industrial Policy – Free Trade vs Protectionism debate – Fiscal Enquiry Committee Tariffs on small amount of products 1924/35 – concentrate on free trade Shannon Scheme – major achievement 1929 – cheap power for Industry and public – ESB set up to distribute through one of the first National Grids in Europe Low Taxes and cuts in spending Cuts in Old Age pension and no of people getting social Welfare ‘Ultimate Financial Agreement’ with Britain – commitment to pay €5milion of Land Annuities Some success – agricultural exports increase, small increase in industrial employment, budget balanced - 30’s World Depression	Economic War + 30’s depression – devastating effect for farmers Self – Sufficiency James Ryan - subsidies for farmers – encourage to switch from cattle (arable farming) to crops (tillage) – fixed prices for sugar beet Industry focus – Sean Lemass Protectionism – encourage Irish industry set up ICC to give cheap loans to Industry Semi State Companies set up – Irish Sugar Company, Aer Lingus, Board na Mona, Irish Life Increase in taxes and some spending 1933 – Unemployment Assistance Act, National Insurance Act – improve benefits. Improved Old Age and blind pensions 1935 – pensions for widows and orphans introduced. 1932 – Housing Act – improved housing provisions End to Land Annuities – final Lump Sum Agreed Some success – more in Industry than Agriculture - some increase in Jobs in Industry but still high unemployment and wages low – increase in Taxes and cost of living
Domestic	Consolidating Democracy Continuity and Conservatism Stability Creation of Civil service Creation of Legal System Deals with Boundary Commission and Anglo-Irish Agreement Law and Order – sets up Garda Siochana – deals firmly with Army Mutiny 1924 - detention without trial to deal with increased IRA violence - Electoral Amendment Act 1927 - Constitution Amendment act – military tribunal set up to try political offences – power to declare organisations illegal – IRA declared illegal Peaceful transition of power to FF.	Changes Creation of new Constitution Bunreacht na Heireann – Irish Constitution 1937 Socially conservative re role of women and role of catholic church – irish lang Deal with threat from O Duffy + Blueshirts – march banned – ACA declared illegal 1936 – declared IRA illegal and key members arrested
Foreign (Inc Anglo Irish)	Join League of Nations Part of the Commonwealth Follow the terms of the Treaty	Dismantling the Treaty – ‘changes’ – ‘radicalism’ Active Role in the league of Nations, 1933 Abolished Oath of Allegiance, Downgraded and abolishing the role of Governor General, Ended the right of appeal to the Privy Council, Abolished the Senate, 1936 External Relations Act, Bunreacht na Heireann, Economic War, 1938 Anglo Irish Agreement - end of land Annuities and return of Treaty Ports